Tuesday, April 12, 2011

C Language Interview Questions(61-90)

<<Interview Questions(31-60)                                                              Interview Questions(91-120) >>




Interview question-61   
    main()
            {
            char *cptr,c;
            void *vptr,v;
            c=10;  v=0;
            cptr=&c; vptr=&v;
            printf("%c%v",c,v);
            }
Answer:
Compiler error (at line number 4): size of v is Unknown.
Explanation:
You can create a variable of type void * but not of type void, since void is an empty type. In the second line you are creating variable vptr of type void * and v of type void hence an error.

Interview question-62)    
   main()
            {
            char *str1="abcd";
            char str2[]="abcd";
            printf("%d %d %d",sizeof(str1),sizeof(str2),sizeof("abcd"));
            }
Answer:
2 5 5
Explanation:
In first sizeof, str1 is a character pointer so it gives you the size of the pointer variable. In second sizeof the name str2 indicates the name of the array whose size is 5 (including the '\0' termination character). The third sizeof is similar to the second one.

Interview question-63)  
     main()
            {
            char not;
            not=!2;
            printf("%d",not);
            }
Answer:
0
Explanation:
! is a logical operator. In C the value 0 is considered to be the boolean value FALSE, and any non-zero value is considered to be the boolean value TRUE. Here 2 is a non-zero value so TRUE. !TRUE is FALSE (0) so it prints 0.

Interview question-64)   
    #define FALSE -1
            #define TRUE   1
            #define NULL   0
            main() {
               if(NULL)
                        puts("NULL");
               else if(FALSE)
                        puts("TRUE");
               else
                        puts("FALSE");
               }
Answer:
TRUE
Explanation:
The input program to the compiler after processing by the preprocessor is,
            main(){
                        if(0)
                                    puts("NULL");
            else if(-1)
                                    puts("TRUE");
            else
                                    puts("FALSE");
                        }
Preprocessor doesn't replace the values given inside the double quotes. The check by if condition is boolean value false so it goes to else. In second if -1 is boolean value true hence "TRUE" is printed.

Interview question-65) 
      main()
            {
            int k=1;
            printf("%d==1 is ""%s",k,k==1?"TRUE":"FALSE");
            }
Answer:
1==1 is TRUE
Explanation:
When two strings are placed together (or separated by white-space) they are concatenated (this is called as "stringization" operation). So the string is as if it is given as "%d==1 is %s". The conditional operator( ?: ) evaluates to "TRUE".

Interview question-66)   
    main()
            {
            int y;
            scanf("%d",&y); // input given is 2000
            if( (y%4==0 && y%100 != 0) || y%100 == 0 )
                 printf("%d is a leap year");
            else
                 printf("%d is not a leap year");
            }
Answer:
2000 is a leap year
Explanation:
An ordinary program to check if leap year or not.

Interview question-67)   
    #define max 5
            #define int arr1[max]
            main()
            {
            typedef char arr2[max];
            arr1 list={0,1,2,3,4};
            arr2 name="name";
            printf("%d %s",list[0],name);
            }
Answer:
Compiler error (in the line arr1 list = {0,1,2,3,4})
Explanation:
arr2 is declared of type array of size 5 of characters. So it can be used to declare the variable name of the type arr2. But it is not the case of arr1. Hence an error.
Rule of Thumb:
#defines are used for textual replacement whereas typedefs are used for declaring new types.

Interview question-68)   
    int i=10;
            main()
            {
             extern int i;
              {
                 int i=20;
                        {
                         const volatile unsigned i=30;
                         printf("%d",i);
                        }
                  printf("%d",i);
               }
            printf("%d",i);
            }
Answer:
30,20,10
Explanation:
'{' introduces new block and thus new scope. In the innermost block i is declared as,
            const volatile unsigned
which is a valid declaration. i is assumed of type int. So printf prints 30. In the next block, i has value 20 and so printf prints 20. In the outermost block, i is declared as extern, so no storage space is allocated for it. After compilation is over the linker resolves it to global variable i (since it is the only variable visible there). So it prints i's value as 10.

Interview question-69)    
   main()
            {
                int *j;
                {
                 int i=10;
                 j=&i;
                 }
                 printf("%d",*j);
}
Answer:
10
Explanation:
The variable i is a block level variable and the visibility is inside that block only. But the lifetime of i is lifetime of the function so it lives upto the exit of main function. Since the i is still allocated space, *j prints the value stored in i since j points i.

Interview question-70)   
    main()
            {
            int i=-1;
            -i;
            printf("i = %d, -i = %d \n",i,-i);
            }
Answer:
i = -1, -i = 1
Explanation:
-i is executed and this execution doesn't affect the value of i. In printf first you just print the value of i. After that the value of the expression -i = -(-1) is printed.

Interview question-71)  
     #include<stdio.h>
main()
 {
   const int i=4;
   float j;
   j = ++i;
   printf("%d  %f", i,++j);
 }
Answer:
Compiler error
            Explanation:
i is a constant. you cannot change the value of constant

Interview question-72)   
    #include<stdio.h>
main()
{
  int a[2][2][2] = { {10,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}  };
  int *p,*q;
  p=&a[2][2][2];
  *q=***a;
  printf("%d..%d",*p,*q);
}
Answer:
garbagevalue..1
Explanation:
p=&a[2][2][2]  you declare only two 2D arrays. but you are trying to access the third 2D(which you are not declared) it will print garbage values. *q=***a starting address of a is assigned integer pointer. now q is pointing to starting address of a.if you print *q meAnswer:it will print first element of 3D array.

Interview question-73)   
    #include<stdio.h>
main()
  {
    register i=5;
    char j[]= "hello";                    
     printf("%s  %d",j,i);
}
Answer:
hello 5
Explanation:
if you declare i as register  compiler will treat it as ordinary integer and it will take integer value. i value may be  stored  either in register  or in memory.

Interview question-74) 
      main()
{
              int i=5,j=6,z;
              printf("%d",i+++j);
             }
Answer:
11
Explanation:
the expression i+++j is treated as (i++ + j)   
             
Interview question-76)  
     struct aaa{
struct aaa *prev;
int i;
struct aaa *next;
};
main()
{
 struct aaa abc,def,ghi,jkl;
 int x=100;
 abc.i=0;abc.prev=&jkl;
 abc.next=&def;
 def.i=1;def.prev=&abc;def.next=&ghi;
 ghi.i=2;ghi.prev=&def;
 ghi.next=&jkl;
 jkl.i=3;jkl.prev=&ghi;jkl.next=&abc;
 x=abc.next->next->prev->next->i;
 printf("%d",x);
}
Answer:
2
Explanation:
                        above all statements form a double circular linked list;
abc.next->next->prev->next->i
this one points to "ghi" node the value of at particular node is 2.

Interview question-77) 
      struct point
 {
 int x;
 int y;
 };
struct point origin,*pp;
main()
{
pp=&origin;
printf("origin is(%d%d)\n",(*pp).x,(*pp).y);
printf("origin is (%d%d)\n",pp->x,pp->y);
}
           
Answer:
origin is(0,0)
origin is(0,0)
Explanation:
pp is a pointer to structure. we can access the elements of the structure either with arrow mark or with indirection operator.
Note:
Since structure point  is globally declared x & y are initialized as zeroes
                       
Interview question-78)
       main()
{
 int i=_l_abc(10);
             printf("%d\n",--i);
}
int _l_abc(int i)
{
 return(i++);
}
Answer:
9
Explanation:
return(i++) it will first return i and then increments. i.e. 10 will be returned.

Interview question-79) 
      main()
{
 char *p;
 int *q;
 long *r;
 p=q=r=0;
 p++;
 q++;
 r++;
 printf("%p...%p...%p",p,q,r);
}
Answer:
0001...0002...0004
Explanation:
++ operator  when applied to pointers increments address according to their corresponding data-types.

 Interview question-80) 
     main()
{
 char c=' ',x,convert(z);
 getc(c);
 if((c>='a') && (c<='z'))
 x=convert(c);
 printf("%c",x);
}
convert(z)
{
  return z-32;
}
Answer:
Compiler error
Explanation:
declaration of convert and format of getc() are wrong.

Interview question-81)
       main(int argc, char **argv)
{
 printf("enter the character");
 getchar();
 sum(argv[1],argv[2]);
}
sum(num1,num2)
int num1,num2;
{
 return num1+num2;
}
Answer:
Compiler error.
Explanation:
argv[1] & argv[2] are strings. They are passed to the function sum without converting it to integer values. 

Interview question-82) 
      # include <stdio.h>
int one_d[]={1,2,3};
main()
{
 int *ptr;
 ptr=one_d;
 ptr+=3;
 printf("%d",*ptr);
}
Answer:
garbage value
Explanation:
ptr pointer is pointing to out of the array range of one_d.

Interview question-83) 
      # include<stdio.h>
aaa() {
  printf("hi");
 }
bbb(){
 printf("hello");
 }
ccc(){
 printf("bye");
 }
main()
{
  int (*ptr[3])();
  ptr[0]=aaa;
  ptr[1]=bbb;
  ptr[2]=ccc;
  ptr[2]();
}
Answer:
bye
Explanation:
ptr is array of pointers to functions of return type int.ptr[0] is assigned to address of the function aaa. Similarly ptr[1] and ptr[2] for bbb and ccc respectively. ptr[2]() is in effect of writing ccc(), since ptr[2] points to ccc.

Interview question-85)
       #include<stdio.h>
main()
{
FILE *ptr;
char i;
ptr=fopen("zzz.c","r");
while((i=fgetch(ptr))!=EOF)
printf("%c",i);
}
Answer:
contents of zzz.c followed by an infinite loop 
            Explanation:
The condition is checked against EOF, it should be checked against NULL.

Interview question-86)
       main()
{
 int i =0;j=0;
 if(i && j++)
            printf("%d..%d",i++,j);
printf("%d..%d,i,j);
}
Answer:
0..0
Explanation:
The value of i is 0. Since this information is enough to determine the truth value of the boolean expression. So the statement following the if statement is not executed.  The values of i and j remain unchanged and get printed.
     
Interview question-87) 
      main()
{
 int i;
 i = abc();
 printf("%d",i);
}
abc()
{
 _AX = 1000;
}
Answer:
1000
Explanation:
Normally the return value from the function is through the information from the accumulator. Here _AH is the pseudo global variable denoting the accumulator. Hence, the value of the accumulator is set 1000 so the function returns value 1000.

Interview question-88) 
      int i;
            main(){
int t;
for ( t=4;scanf("%d",&i)-t;printf("%d\n",i))
                        printf("%d--",t--);
                        }
            // If the inputs are 0,1,2,3 find the o/p
Answer:
            4--0
                        3--1
                        2--2     
Explanation:
Let us assume some x= scanf("%d",&i)-t the values during execution
                        will be,
          t        i       x
          4       0      -4
          3       1      -2
          2       2       0
         
Interview question-89)
       main(){
  int a= 0;int b = 20;char x =1;char y =10;
  if(a,b,x,y)
        printf("hello");
 }
Answer:
hello
Explanation:
The comma operator has associativity from left to right. Only the rightmost value is returned and the other values are evaluated and ignored. Thus the value of last variable y is returned to check in if. Since it is a non zero value if becomes true so, "hello" will be printed.

Interview question-90) 
      main(){
 unsigned int i;
 for(i=1;i>-2;i--)
                        printf("c aptitude");
}
Explanation:
i is an unsigned integer. It is compared with a signed value. Since the both types doesn't match, signed is promoted to unsigned value. The unsigned equivalent of -2 is a huge value so condition becomes false and control comes out of the loop.

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